Which social structure best contrasts with Xunzi's idealized vision of Chinese society?

Xunzi's idealized vision of Chinese society emphasizes a structured social order rooted in clear hierarchies and traditional roles, with a strong focus on moral cultivation and social harmony. In his perspective, the ruling elite has the responsibility to guide the populace through their moral superiority and education. Therefore, the concept of a meritocratic bureaucracy, which prioritizes ability and education over noble birth, challenges Xunzi's ideal.

In a meritocratic system, individuals rise through educational achievement and personal merit rather than through their family lineage, which contrasts with Xunzi's belief in the importance of established authority and the social hierarchy based on traditional values. While meritocracy can lead to a more fluid social structure where talent and capability are recognized, Xunzi's vision draws heavily from Confucian ideals, where social stability is maintained by adhering to established roles and ethics promoted by those in power.

Other choices like feudalism based on noble birth align more closely with the themes of traditional hierarchy that Xunzi advocates, as they reinforce the notion of inherited status and duty among social classes. Tribal systems and communal governance may not present a structured hierarchy but instead reflect different forms of social organization that do not directly oppose or align with Xunzi's views.