Which of the following describes the impact of the temperature variations during the Little Ice Age?

The impact of temperature variations during the Little Ice Age largely led to a decline in agricultural productivity. This period, which lasted from roughly the 14th century to the mid-19th century, was characterized by cooler temperatures that significantly affected growing seasons in Europe and other affected regions. As temperatures dropped, harvests became less reliable, leading to food shortages and famines in many areas. The shorter growing seasons and the increased incidence of harsh weather events hindered the ability of farmers to produce enough food to sustain populations, which, in turn, contributed to social and economic instability.

In contrast, options suggesting increased trade, improved agricultural techniques, or a rise in urban density do not accurately reflect the predominant agricultural struggles faced during the Little Ice Age. While some regions might have adapted by developing new technologies or practices over time, the immediate effect was more detrimental, focusing on the declining crop yields and the resultant challenges for societies dependent on stable agricultural output.