Which historical development was influenced by ideas similar to those expressed in the passage?

The establishment of imperial bureaucracy reflects ideas similar to those expressed in the passage because it emphasizes the importance of organized governance and administration in large states, which is often based on Confucian ideals and practices. These ideas promote a meritocratic system, where government officials are selected based on their skills and knowledge, rather than through aristocratic birthright. This promotes stability and efficiency within empires, allowing rulers to better manage resources, maintain order, and implement policies effectively across vast territories.

The rise of merchant classes and the spread of Buddhism in East Asia, while significant developments, do not necessarily align with the concept of bureaucratic administration. Merchants often operated within existing systems rather than creating or influencing the bureaucratic structures themselves. Buddhism's spread focused more on spirituality and cultural exchange rather than administrative reforms. The fragmentation of empires typically suggests a breakdown of centralized authority, which contrasts with the strengthening that comes from a solid bureaucratic framework. Thus, the establishment of imperial bureaucracy is a direct response to the need for effective governance expressed in the ideas of the passage.