Which goods were typically exported from the coastal cities of Mombasa, Sofala, and Mogadishu?

The coastal cities of Mombasa, Sofala, and Mogadishu were significant trading hubs along the East African coast during the medieval and early modern periods. These cities played a crucial role in the Indian Ocean trade network, which connected Africa, the Middle East, India, and beyond.

The correct goods exported from these cities, specifically slaves, ivory, and gold, reflect the region's resources and economic activities. Slaves were often captured from the interior regions and traded to various parts of the Indian Ocean, while ivory was sourced from elephants found in the inland territories, representing both a luxury item and a significant trade commodity. Gold was also abundant in certain regions of East Africa and was highly sought after, making it a valuable export.

In contrast, the other options listed do not accurately represent the primary exports from these cities during the height of their trade activities. Textiles, spices, and silk, for example, were more commonly associated with trade routes leading from Asia, while coffee, tea, and ceramics typically linked to other regions like the Middle East or Southeast Asia. Similarly, fish, lumber, and minerals do not encapsulate the primary economic drivers for these coastal cities during the specified time period. Hence, the focus on slaves, ivory,