What was a major factor contributing to the population increase from 10,000 years ago to 7,000 years ago?

The correct choice highlights the significance of improved food production techniques as a major factor in the population increase from 10,000 to 7,000 years ago. During this period, humanity transitioned from a nomadic lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settled farming. This shift enabled communities to cultivate crops and domesticate animals, leading to a more stable and reliable food supply.

As agricultural practices improved, including the development of techniques such as irrigation and crop rotation, societies could produce surplus food beyond their immediate needs. This surplus supported larger populations, increased birth rates, and ultimately led to the establishment of permanent settlements. The availability of consistent food sources not only allowed families to grow but also reduced mortality rates associated with food scarcity.

In contrast, advancements in metallurgy, while important for later societal developments, did not have an immediate impact on population growth in this specific timeframe. Similarly, the development of written language facilitated record-keeping and communication but was more of a secondary effect of population increase rather than a direct cause. Urbanization occurred later as a result of population growth spurred by improved agricultural techniques, rather than being a primary driver of early population increase.