What was a key factor driving European powers to expand into Africa during the late 19th century?

The quest for new markets and resources was a crucial factor driving European powers to expand into Africa during the late 19th century, a period characterized by the "Scramble for Africa." As industrialization progressed in Europe, the demand for raw materials, such as rubber, minerals, and agricultural products, surged. European nations sought to secure reliable sources of these resources, which were essential for fueling their growing industries.

Additionally, Africa presented new markets for European manufactured goods. As European industries flourished, the need for places to sell these products became paramount, leading to the establishment of trade networks and colonial rule in various African territories. This quest significantly influenced political decisions and the imperial ambitions of European nations, ultimately reshaping global economic patterns and colonial landscapes during this era.

While other answers highlight relevant themes, such as agricultural expansion, religious motivations, and national prestige, these factors were often secondary to the primary goal of securing economically advantageous resources and markets.