What technology significantly contributed to the success of Bantu speakers during their migration?

The success of Bantu speakers during their migrations is largely attributed to their use of iron technology. Iron tools and weapons allowed them to farm more efficiently, clear land for agriculture, and defend themselves against rivals. This technological advancement gave Bantu-speaking communities a significant edge over groups that relied on stone tools, enabling them to cultivate new regions effectively and expand their communities into a variety of environments across sub-Saharan Africa.

The ability to manipulate iron also facilitated the development of diverse agricultural practices, leading to increased food production and population growth within Bantu societies. This expansion was critical in spreading their languages, culture, and agricultural practices throughout the regions they migrated to. As such, iron technology played a fundamental role in both the demographic and cultural transformations that accompanied the Bantu migrations.