What is one main characteristic of Neolithic societies that contributed to their complexity?

The development of urban centers is a defining characteristic of Neolithic societies that significantly contributed to their complexity. During the Neolithic period, communities transitioned from nomadic lifestyles to settled agricultural practices, which allowed for the establishment of permanent settlements. These settlements grew into urban centers as populations increased and farming techniques improved, leading to surplus food production.

With the rise of urban centers, these societies experienced advancements in various aspects, including trade, social organization, governance, and culture. Urbanization fostered specialization of labor, as individuals could focus on different trades and crafts, rather than solely on subsistence farming. This specialization further contributed to the complexity of social structures, as roles and professions diversified. Additionally, urban centers became hubs for cultural exchange and innovation, enhancing the overall societal development and complexity of Neolithic communities.