What developmental change characterized trade in Chinese cities like Hangzhou?

The increase in long-distance trade networks in Chinese cities like Hangzhou reflects the broader patterns of economic expansion and integration during the period. Hangzhou, as a key port and urban center, served as a crucial hub for both domestic and international trade. The city connected various regional markets within China and linked the Chinese economy to broader networks across Asia and beyond.

This period saw the establishment of the Grand Canal, which facilitated the movement of goods from different parts of China, enhancing regional trade. Additionally, advancements in maritime technology and navigation contributed to an increase in overseas trade, allowing merchants to establish exchanges with distant regions, including Southeast Asia and even beyond.

The growth of long-distance trade networks resulted in the flourishing of merchant classes, increased urbanization, and the spread of goods, ideas, and cultural practices. As such, this highlights the importance of Hangzhou and similar cities in the historical context of trade dynamics, signaling an era of economic vitality and interconnectedness that was characteristic of Chinese urban centers during this period.