What aspect of city life became more sophisticated compared to village life?

The sophistication of labor specialization in city life compared to village life can be attributed to the increased complexity and diversity of urban economies. In cities, populations grew larger, and with them, the demand for a variety of goods and services expanded. This led to individuals taking on specific roles or trades, allowing for greater efficiency and specialization.

In a village setting, economic activities were often more generalized, with families typically engaging in subsistence farming or multi-faceted roles to meet their needs. However, urban environments facilitated a division of labor where individuals could focus on specific crafts or trades—such as blacksmithing, weaving, or trading—leading to improved skills and innovations in those areas.

As a result, the presence of markets, trade networks, and a concentration of people supported the development of specialized labor in cities, promoting economic growth and cultural advancements that were less achievable in village life, where the opportunities for specialization were limited by smaller populations and resources.